How to Build Your Own Mercury Vapor Light Setup

The House on Mango Street and Esperanza’s Relationship...

Throughout the course of Mango Street, Esperanza’s relationship towards her house change. As time passes her feelings about the house itself change and the emotional impact of the house of her changes as well. Esperanza’s house on Mango Street symbolizes her Mexican culture. For so long she has wanted to leave it. She envisions a different type of life than what she is used to - moving from house to house. â€Å"this house is going to be different / my life is going to be different†. One can look at all the things she envisions - the trappings of the good life such as the running water, the garden etc. as symbols for the new life. In the beginning of the story Esperana is told that her new house on Mango Street will be the answer†¦show more content†¦This new house lacks these improvements. It is no different from her previous homes. Esperanza is forever marked by the house and neighborhood she lives in. She wants to be like other kids who are allowed to eat their lunch at school instead of having to go home everyday. These students live father from the school than she does. Esperanza assumes these children live in better houses and neighborhoods. She is embarrassed by her house and angry that she must be identified by it. As said by Sister Superior, â€Å"I bet I can see your house from my window. Which one? Come here. Which one is your house?† The sister points to an ugly row of houses in the general direction of Esperanzas address. Esperanza comes to accept her house as part of her. During the course of the book she learns, you cant leave your culture, your roots. She observes and experiences growth. She matures. She develops opinions about dress and dating. She becomes more aware about the behaviors of people around her - she develops her sense of right and wrong. In the end, when she writes that she will leave but come back for some . she shows that she has become more comfortable with who she is. She does not reject her culture entirely - there are aspects of it that she embraces. She will always return to theShow MoreRelated House on Mango Street Essay833 Words   |  4 Pages Esperanza is torn between deciding whether she wants to escape Mango Street. She is embarrassed by the superficial appearance of her identity, but appreciates her roots. Her house is a wreck and the neighborhood, probably not much better off. However, she has loving family and friends. Although marriage has caused the suffering of many of the women in her neighborhood, she realizes that she needs men to fulfill the new desires she attains as she hits adolescence. Through the novel, Esperanza maturesRead MoreThe House On Mango Street Analysis768 Words   |  4 Pagesauthor, is most known for her first novel, The House on Mango Street. The story follows a young Latina girl named Esperanza who moves to a low-income Chicago neighborhood and encounters new people and experiences new challenges, one of which is the struggle of choosing to be desired and looked at by men or being independent. Most, if not all, of the women in the novel are often perceived as powerless since they are usually stuck in some type of relationship, whether it be with a possessive man or needyRead MoreCathy Queen Of Cats Racism Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesRacism is directly discussed in Esperanza’s neighborhood by describing how the outsiders see the Hispanic residents. The outsiders that have moved in or just happen to drive down the streets â€Å"Those who dont know any better come into our neighborhood scared. They think were dangerous. They think we will at tack them with shiny knives.† (28). Before even meeting the people, the outsiders assume the residents are bad people ready to hurt others just from others discriminatory remarks. This, too, isRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The House On Mango Street Essay868 Words   |  4 PagesPadilla Adv L.A. 18 August 2016 The House On Mango Street In the novel â€Å"The House On Mango Street,† Sandra Cisneros shows the themes identity, family, and the house, through Esmeralda’s experiences. She demonstrates the theme of identity by telling the story of Esperanza, the main character, and how she finds out what identifies her from others. Cisneros reveals that Esperanza’s family helps her feel like she belongs to the house on Mango Street and not left out. The house is an important theme of theRead MoreThe House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros Essay example2527 Words   |  11 PagesThe House on Mango Street, is written by Sandra Cisneros. Sandra Cisneros was born and grew up in Chicago. She was raised by her mother and father who were both of Mexican descent. She grew up in a relatively large family; she was the third child out of seven children. Cisneros’ childhood consisted of her growing up in one of Chicago’s Puerto Rican neighborhoods. As a child she also traveled back and forth to M exico with her family. Understanding Cisneros’ background is important for understandingRead MoreAnalysis Of The House On Mango Street1406 Words   |  6 PagesThe novel, titled The House on Mango Street in its unassuming and sincere writing style shines a beacon of truth on the socioeconomic condition of the time it is set in (of its setting), by scrupulously describing the living situations of the protagonist and her immediate family. The narrator of the story, Esperanza paints an accurate picture of her family’s inability to remain anchored at any residence up to the point when we catch up with her in the story, where she reveals that â€Å"We didn’t alwaysRead MoreMango Street Essay1090 Words   |  5 PagesOn Mango Street, it’s nothing new for kids to jump off a building and end up killing themselves. Rape? Thats no big deal it happens all the time. Not only is Mango street like this, but the majority of Southern Chicago is like this. Many people are forced to live in this type of environment because of their economic state. Many people like Esperanza hate the place they live and are desperate for a change. Esperanza knows that there is a little chance of change. Around her she sees people livingRead MoreThe House On Mango Street Analysis1328 Words   |  6 Pageslife of a young Mexican girl named Esperanza in her coming-of-age novel The House on Mango Street. The book records a year of Esperanza life, in which her family moves into a rented house on Mango Street in Chicago. While searching for her independence, Esperanza and her friends meet the issues of racism, sexuality, and male dominance. Esperanza forms the realization she will have to leave the toxic environment on Mango Street for her future, however, she plans to return and help those who are unableRead MoreThe House on Mango Street - Characterization Essay1412 Words   |  6 PagesEsperanza: the Person Behind the Print In The House on Mango Street, by Sandra Cisneros, a little girl from a Latino heritage is given birth to. Not literally, but in the sense of characterization. Esperanza is a fictional character made up by Cisneros to bring about sensitive, alert, and rich literature. She is the protagonist in the novel and is used to depict a female’s life growing up in the Latino section of Chicago. Cisneros creates the illusion that Esperanza is a real human being to communicateRead More Comparing Women in House on Mango Street and Woman Hollering Creek1645 Words   |  7 PagesEthnic Identity of Women in House on Mango Street and Woman Hollering Creek  Ã‚      The novels The House on Mango Street (Cisneros 1984) and Woman Hollering Creek (Cisneros 1992) relate the new American through the eyes of Cisneros. The women in both novels are caught in the middle of their ethnic identity and their American identity, thus creating the New American. Cisneros moved between Mexico and the United States often while growing up, thus making her feel homeless and displaced (Jones

Trend in International Business Environment - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss about the Trend in International Business Environment. Answer: Introduction The economic framework in the global framework, over the years, has experienced significant dynamics and modifications in the last few decades, which in turn can be attributed to the economic and global phenomena occurring in different corners of the world. The global economic environment, over the past decades has become more integrated and inclusive owing to economic phenomena like Globalization, Liberalization of economic environment of the major countries and increasing scopes of setting up commercial and political relations among the different countries across the world. This immense dynamics in the global economy have direct implications on the business and commercial environment across the world, which has also been subjected to immense modifications relating to the changing patterns of operations of businesses in different parts of the world. Over the years, the main incentive of doing business, globally, has remained the same, that is of acquiring maximum profit and economic prospects as well long term sustainability in their operations. However, the mode of operations in the business organizations and the work culture have significantly changes over the years, catering to the needs of the situations and facilitated by the inventions and development of technologies and provisions which makes the process of doing business easy, convenient, cost saving and time effective. The changes in the work culture and global business environment includes multi-dimensional domains like the way in which the employees interact, the communications among different participants in the businesses, production methods, management of businesses and others to name a few. With a more integrated international commercial environment and with increasing number of businesses going global, these changes have become inevitable and have been facilitate d by facilities like internet, which makes communication across the world extremely easy. Taking this aspect into consideration, many business organizations are undergoing radical changes in their workplace arrangements, which includes introduction of new practices like that of hot-desking, stand-up and corridor meetings, home offices and others to make their operations more dynamic and cost and time effective. The concerned report tries to discuss these new methods taken by the business organizations in the contemporary periods, in details. The report also emphasizes on analyzing the need for introduction of the same, the motivation behind the same and tries to analyze whether the companies, implementing such methods are getting added advantages and desired benefits over those who still stick to the conventional methods of doing business. For the purpose of doing the same the report tries to conduct an extensive review of the literatures and scholarly works which are present regarding aspects, thereby comparing and discussing the learned opinions prevailing across the wo rld regarding this aspect, taking into account the empirical evidences and examples relevant to the same. Dynamics in the Global Business Environment To understand the evolution and implementation of radical changes in the workplace operations by the different enterprises across the world, it is of immense importance to understand the trends prevailing in the global business environment and the evolution of the same over the years. There exists different opinions regarding the concept of the global business environment of which the one put forward by Wild, Wild and Han (2014), seems to be robust and inclusive. The authors define the concept of the international business environment as the open forum in which the commercial transactions (both public and private) takes places between the relevant organizations of different countries. Over the years, with the integration of the leading economies of the world, attributed to phenomena like Globalizations, Liberalizations, Free Trade Agreements and inter-country migration and usage of labor and other resources of production, there has been a significant increase in the number of enterpr ises and countries actively operating under the domain of international business environment. There are several contributing factors, according to the literary evidences to the expansion of operations in the global business environment, with more and more companies going global. The primary ones, as found to be asserted by different scholarly opinions are discussed in the following sections. Reasons behind the increase in operations of enterprises in international business Casson (2013) in his working paper briefly discussing about the evolution of the global business environment, elaborates about the primary reasons behind the continuously expanding domain of international business and inclusion of more organizations as participants in the same. The primary ones put forward by the author are as follows: Increasing innovations and progress in technological aspects, which facilitates in integrating the global economy and making overseas operations of businesses convenient and time saving Increase in easy transport globally and the fall in the cost of overseas travel has also facilitated commercial enterprises to increase their domain of operations in countries other than their home country With communication getting easier, mainly due to the invention and increased usage of internet, it becomes easier for the organizations to connect instantly with any corner of the world, which in turn helps them in controlling their business operations in different countries from a remote place of operations The views of Casson are strongly supported by many other authors including Verbeke (2013), who adds to the arguments by adding the aspects of change in consumption and life style patterns of people across the world. This in turn has changed the global consumption patterns massively, thereby making the business environment more inclusive as well as competitive. Given this situation and the ease of doing international business, more companies are expanding their domain of operations globally The arguments put forward by the authors in the above section, emphasizes on the fact that over the years the operational framework of the business organizations have changed massively, with most of them going global and venturing in more than one domain of operations, thereby making their production and supply of products and services multi-dimensional. This in turn, as argued by Putnam and Mumby (2013), indicates towards the need for change and improvisations in the modes of operations within these business enterprises, which also includes the workplace arrangements, such that the resources present with the companies can be optimally used and the production can be maximized. Changes in the workplace arrangements with time There are many opinions regarding the fact that over the years the commercial organizations have been modifying their workplace arrangements significantly and incorporating new means in doing the same, the changes being radical in many instances. Christensen and Schneider (2015), have argued in this aspect asserting that over the years the usual commercial workplaces have undergone considerable changes in the pattern of operating with the inclusion of new ways of working by the employees in these organizations. However, the authors have not elaborated on the measures and new age working methods which are being adopted by these organizations in this aspect and have only discussed about the evolution of business workplaces across the world over time. Coenen and Kok (2014), augments the arguments put forward by the former authors, regarding the evolution of commercial workplaces with time and the new arrangement adopted by them in the global scenario. According to the authors, to cater to the changes in the demand as well as supply patterns, the operations and production activities of the companies have been experiencing significant changes, which includes radical workplaces changes like implementation of work from home, hot-desking, corridor and stand-up meetings, space sharing, flexible work shifts and others. These new age workplace arrangements, as opined by different scholars, are put forward in the following sections. New Workplace Arrangements Over the last few decades, the conventional concept of workplace, that is of several people sitting in a room, at same place and working for a fixed duration daily, doing several pre-assigned jobs, has changed considerably. The businesses going global and multi-dimensional, the organizations are venturing in many industries and domain of operations, which in turn have led them to relax the conventional working norms and work cultures and implement flexibilities in the same to utilize the resources present with them as far as possible and find new channels to reap profits by finding new ways of utilizing their full capacities. The new changes, often implemented in the workplace arrangements are as follows: Work From Home One of the current workplace arrangement changes which are increasingly taken into account by the business organizations across the world, in many industries, is the practice of home office or working from home. Bloom (2014), elaborately discusses the concept of working from home as the method of operations, especially adopted by the different commercial organizations across different parts of the world, where the employees of the company can perform their professional activities without being present at the work location during the normal business timings. This implies that an employee can work independently from home, without staying electronically connected to the team or the employer, during the business hours. Motivations behind implementation of working from home Bridgman (2016), discusses the expected benefits of the implementation of working from home in the contemporary commercial scenario, which motivates the organizations to implement the same. These motivating reasons according to the author are as follows: The first benefit of introducing the practice of working from home, as per the assertions of the author, is that it is expected to increase the productivity of the employees by saving time and effort to travel to the workplace, this being especially true for those employees who stay far from their offices. Another argument in favor of the same is that this practice helps the employers to cut the overhead costs of making provisions for the employees within the office to a considerable level, thereby increasing the cost effectiveness in their production operations. Kruse (2018), puts forward another motivating factor behind the incorporation of work from home practices in the current business scenario across the world, which is the aspect of less distraction, less stressed environment and working in the quieter atmosphere, which is expected to increase the productivity of the employees, thereby benefitting the employers in the long run, in terms of profitability. Another crucial aspect of the need for implementing the working from home practices in the commercial domain, as put forward by Klein and Myrdal (2013), is that from the perspective of female workers. As has been rightly put forward by the authors and supported by many other scholarly evidences including that of Slaughter (2015), the work force participation of women have increased significantly over the years, with increasing scopes of education and skill development of women. However, in spite of their increasing participation in different commercial arena, across the world, the women workforce still faces the problem of trading off between their work and household responsibilities, especially after their marriage and child birth. According to the authors, this leads to immense lay-offs and resignation of the female employees in many organizations, thereby affecting the welfare of the employees as well as the profitability of the enterprises negatively. However, with the implementation of work from home practices, the authors argue that this problem can be combated to a considerable extent, as the female employees will no longer have to trade off between work and child rearing and can maintain a perfect work life balance. This may also help the male employees in the same aspects. This in turn can help the business organizations in terms of retaining their precious resources and increase in the overall productivity and cost effectiveness. Problems in working from home Thus, it can be seen that there exists significant positive arguments in favor of the implementation of the practice of working from home in the businesses in the contemporary periods. There are, however, several arguments put forward by scholars, against the concept of work from home. Sturges (2012), argues that often with the implementation of working from home practices, the productivity of employees decrease as they tend to pay less attention to work and there rises sincerity issues. The author also argues that there exists many industries and job roles where there remains no scope of implementing work from home option, thereby making the scope of implantation of the same restricted. His views are also supported by Clapperton (2018), who suggests that among the problems of working from home, the trust issues of the employers is not the primary issue. The main issues according to the author, are the problem of over-working of the employees, lack of colleague support, feeling of is olation and also the absence of proper infrastructure in the residences, the last problem being even more acute in the low developed countries. Case Study Bloom et al. (2014), conducted an experiment on the reputed Chinese travel company, CTrip, with 16,000 employees, where the call center support staffs who opted for work from home option showed a 13% increase in their performance. This led the company to roll out the same for all the employees, where the increase in the productivity of the company was as high as 22%, much due to the work satisfaction and convenience of the employees. Hot-Desking Another important change in the conventional arrangements in the workplaces, which have been increasingly adopted by the business organizations across the world, is the practice of hot-desking in the business organizations. According to Gilson et al. (2012), the term Hot-Desking, being a new concept in work-place arrangement, refers to the system, where more than one worker can work from one desk or work station, thereby having no fixed sitting arrangements and dynamic access to resources as per requirement of the workers. Given the dynamics which the business organizations face in the contemporary global scenario, there are several motivations, on part of the companies, which have been asserted by many scholars over time. Motivation behind implementing hot-desking in business enterprises Felstead (2012), in his elaborate research on the aspects of changing workplace dynamics in the current economic situations, emphasizing especially on the business enterprises operating in the United Kingdom, puts forward the motivations prevailing in the aspect of hot-desking, which are as follows: As per the author, hot-desking allows different employees to access the same working desk in an office, at different times, which reduces the cost of the companies significantly as they do not need to create a work station for each employee. This is especially beneficial in the ever integrating global business environment. The author argues that, with more businesses going global, the need for multi-shift working among the business organizations are increasing, which in turn, required the same to employ workers in different shifts to cater to their multi-national clientele. Hot-desking comes as an efficient workplace arrangement for such situations, as the same increases the productivity of each resource and decreases the cost of operations of the business organizations. Another argument, put forward in favor of the practice, by Strobbe et al. (2012), is that working in different work stations on different days, help the employees to work in the neighborhood of different people in the same office, which in turn helps in better communication, inflow of knowledge from different sections and expansion of the domain of expertise of the employees. This in turn, expectedly contributes positively in the long run productivity of the concerned companies. Brink, Van Meel and Nielsen (2014) augment the previous assertions by arguing that hot-desking not only encourages employees to reduce cumbersome clutters, but also make them feel more free to use the resources present in the office. Under this practice, each employee can use the infrastructures present in the office more efficiently, thereby making the production more cost effective. Problems in hot-desking Not all scholars agree to the positive implications of hot-desking in the business organizations. Baldry and Barnes (2012), argue in their elaborate and empirically supported research findings that there are several impacts of hot-desking, which contributes negatively in the productivity of the employees, thereby having negative implications for the companies in the long run. As per the authors, hot-desking often gives rise to a state of unorganized and inadequate accommodation for the employees, especially when employees are more in number. This forces the employees to waste time in finding a work station for themselves, thereby decreasing their productivity and the profitability of the organizations. The practice, according to the authors, also creates the problem of lack of focusing capabilities among the employees as they need to get accustomed to a new work desk and neighborhood every day (Den Dulk et al. 2013). Case Study The findings of Bull and Brown (2012), suggest that there are mixed implications of hot-desking in the contemporary commercial organizations. While there are evidences of positive implications of the same in the big Silicon Valley based companies like Amazon, Google and others, the evidences provided by Coenen and Kok (2014), show that many people in general do not support the idea as it detaches them from their team, thereby increasing their stress levels as they do not get their familiar peers and their support. Stand-Up or Corridor Meeting Susman (2018), in his article, discussed about another radical change which the workplaces are often implementing in their work culture, which is commonly known as stand-up meeting or corridor meeting. The practice involves the work related discussions and meetings among the attendees, but not in the conventional set-up, but while standing. Motivations to implement Stand-up Meeting According to the author the main benefits of stand-up meeting, which motivates the companies to take this method are as follows: The meetings are usually short and compact as they are done while standing, which creates discomfort if dragged for a long time. The meetings being short-spanned can be done in an informal way, on a regular basis, among teams, which in turn may help in understanding the progress of the same and may also help in creating more channels of communication among the employees. Problems in Corridor or Stand-Up Meetings However, there may also be several problems in conducting the meeting in this way. Brunelle, (2012), argues that this arrangement, due to the short span of meeting, only works when all the participants of the same are focused and clear about their objective of the meeting. Otherwise this may actually be a waste of time. Conclusion Apart from the above discussed changes in the arrangements, there have also been introduction of new work methods like that of virtual meetings, webinars and others, which is highly facilitated by the new age technologies and usage of internets. As the evidences shown above suggests, the implications of the same are mixed. While most of the companies, implementing these methods are benefitted in terms of cost effectiveness, time saving and team integration, there have also been evidences of negative effects of the same in some cases, in terms of inconvenience of some employees and management, which actually added to the loss of their productivity. Together the findings suggest that there are scopes and prospects of implementation of new age workplace arrangements, with the work patterns and operational dynamics considerably changing with time and with more and more companies expanding their domain of operations in other countries as well as in different industries, provided the arran gements are implemented keeping relevance to the structure of the concerned companies, the conveniences of the employers as well as the employees and also the feasibility and viability of the measures for the same. References Baldry, C. and Barnes, A., 2012. The open-plan academy: space, control and the undermining of professional identity.Work, employment and society,26(2), pp.228-245. Bloom, N., 2014. To raise productivity, let more employees work from home.Harvard business review,92(1/2), pp.28-29. Bloom, N., Liang, J., Roberts, J. and Ying, Z.J., 2014. Does working from home work? Evidence from a Chinese experiment.The Quarterly Journal of Economics,130(1), pp.165-218. Bridgman, B., 2016. Home productivity.Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control,71, pp.60-76. Brink, R., Van Meel, J. and Nielsen, S.B., 2014. The shared building portfolio: an exploration and typology. InProceedings of CIB Facilities Management Conference 2014(pp. 154-165). Brunelle, E., 2012. Virtuality in work arrangements and affective organizational commitment.International Journal of Business and Social Science,3(2). Bull, M. and Brown, T., 2012. Change communication: the impact on satisfaction with alternative workplace strategies.Facilities,30(3/4), pp.135-151. Casson, M. ed., 2013.The Growth of International Business (RLE International Business). Routledge. Christensen, K. and Schneider, B. eds., 2015.Workplace flexibility: Realigning 20th-century jobs for a 21st-century workforce. Cornell University Press. Clapperton, G. (2018).Forbes Welcome.Forbes.com. Retrieved 9 January 2018, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/guyclapperton/2014/05/16/home-working-three-real-problems-and-employer-trust-isnt-one-of-them/#5970236f54ab Coenen, M. and Kok, R.A., 2014. Workplace flexibility and new product development performance: The role of telework and flexible work schedules.European Management Journal,32(4), pp.564-576. Coenen, M. and Kok, R.A., 2014. Workplace flexibility and new product development performance: The role of telework and flexible work schedules.European Management Journal,32(4), pp.564-576. Den Dulk, L., Groeneveld, S., Ollier-Malaterre, A. and Valcour, M., 2013. National context in work-life research: A multi-level cross-national analysis of the adoption of workplace work-life arrangements in Europe.European Management Journal,31(5), pp.478-494. Felstead, A., 2012. Rapid change or slow evolution? Changing places of work and their consequences in the UK.Journal of Transport Geography,21, pp.31-38. Gilson, N.D., Suppini, A., Ryde, G.C., Brown, H.E. and Brown, W.J., 2012. Does the use of standing hotdesks change sedentary work time in an open plan office?.Preventive medicine,54(1), pp.65-67. Klein, V. and Myrdal, A., 2013.Women's two roles: Home and work. Routledge. Kruse, K. (2018).Forbes Welcome.Forbes.com. Retrieved 9 January 2018, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/kevinkruse/2012/12/18/benefits-working-from-home/#7ef5f6871d4c Putnam, L.L. and Mumby, D.K. eds., 2013.The SAGE handbook of organizational communication: Advances in theory, research, and methods. Sage Publications. Slaughter, A.M., 2015.Why women still can't have it all(p. 100). OneWorld. Strobbe, M., Van Laere, O., Ongenae, F., Dauwe, S., Dhoedt, B., De Turck, F., Demeester, P. and Luyten, K., 2012. Novel applications integrate location and context information.IEEE Pervasive Computing,11(2), pp.64-73. Sturges, J., 2012. Crafting a balance between work and home.Human Relations,65(12), pp.1539-1559. Susman, A. (2018).What's a Stand-Up Meeting and Why Is It Beneficial?. [online] HuffPost. Available at: https://www.huffingtonpost.com/aron-susman/whats-a-stand-up-meeting-_b_5915958.html [Accessed 10 Jan. 2018]. Verbeke, A., 2013.International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Wild, J.J., Wild, K.L. and Han, J.C., 2014.International business. Pearson Education Limited.

The Decline of Our Sea- a Paper on Overfishing free essay sample

The Decline of Our Sea SCI 275 Environmental Science Steve List-Instructor The fishermen across the world invest their lives into their boats and their men. They venture out into the open water and catch all that they can. The fisherman knows that this is what all the other fishermen are doing as well; it is a survival of the fittest. The man with the most fish wins, they get the biggest check. The world is home to six billion people and there are not enough fish in the seas to feed the world. According to the video, there is a problem with overfishing and the ocean is being harvested of all its fish faster than it can repopulate. There are not enough fish left to allow this resource to thrive for our future. According to Scientist Jeremy Jackson, it is reversible; there is still hope. Overfishing is not just fisheries taking fish from the sea; although that is the larger part of it. We will write a custom essay sample on The Decline of Our Sea- a Paper on Overfishing or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Fisheries also bycatch, which means they accidently catch other fish when fishing for certain species. Bycatching is causing depletion of other species and it is wasteful. Fisheries also harm habitats and breeding grounds by fishing and dragging equipment and nets. The fisheries create pollution as does the rest of the world, causing severe damage to our oceans. Climate changes also serve as an issue. Water temperatures are changing and causing damage to fragile ecosystems. All of these factors are taken into place as we create a plan, and help repopulate and save our oceans. We must sustain and maintain this resource for our future generations. My plan is to utilize a catch share system. This system has been studied for many years now in the United States. This plan will help the fisheries, save jobs and help our oceans to provide for a great future. The Environmental Defense Fund (EDF) has researched the plan and stands behind it to save the fish and the fisheries. Fishermen will be required to meet a conservation goal and will be accountable for what they catch. They will be allowed to fish in certain zones and catch a certain number of fish. With this plan in effect, the fisheries will be able to still fish and the resource can replenish itself. It is a win-win situation for both parties. Fisherman may view the plan negatively, believing that they are being too restricting with a catch share plan. Fisheries make money from what the catch, if they are limited; it may mean less money for them now. The fishermen have to see the plan as a long term goal. The plan has already worked in the Gulf of Mexico according to the EDF. The plan was initiated for red snapper in January of 2007. Fisherman in that area are now able to fish year round for the first time in a decade, gaining 25% more in earnings and bycatch is down by 70%. Environmentalists will see the plan as a positive approach to saving our oceans. There will be fewer fishermen on the water, therefore less pollution. The fishermen will have restrictions and limits on the number of fish they catch, therefore allowing replenishment of the fish naturally. This may be looked at negatively as well; there will be a decrease in jobs in the fisheries. Manpower will be reduced as less fish can be caught. As of now, over 200 million people worldwide are employed by fisheries. The environmentalists and the fisheries will need to work together to make the catch share plan work. The two must realize that it will not happen overnight and it will take time to reverse the effects we have caused. As the catch share plan is put in place; we will work in zones allowing fisheries to catch and reduce bycatch, thus reducing the chances of eliminating other species of sea life. As time goes on, the fish will repopulate and harvesting can be opened a little more at a time. This plan will increase revenues for fisheries since certain fish are diminishing and will replenish later. The catch share plan will allow fisheries to stay open; jobs will not be eliminated and communities worldwide can enjoy the nourishment of the catch. With the plan in effect the fish population can repopulate and communities can thrive on the additional earnings that large catches can bring in when zones are opened. People all over the world can still continue to apply for fishing licenses as leisure and can enjoy a wide range of fish species in their diet. With the catch share plan in place, we can keep fisheries open, create new jobs, and allow the fragile oceans to thrive. We can reverse the damage that we have caused on our ecosystem and make a difference for generations to come. References Burnham, Katharine (2008). New Study Offers Viable Solution to Overfishing. Retrieved June 18, 2009, from http://www. edf. org/pressrelease. cfm? contentID=8458 Jeantheau, Mark (2005). Pretty Mermaids are Always Over Fishing for Compliments: The Causes and Effects of Overfishing. Retrieved June 19, 2009, from http://www. grinningplanet. com/2005/06-07/overfishing-article. htm

The meaning of healing miracles Essay Example

The meaning of healing miracles Essay Christians today make of the miracle stories in the bible as influencing stories. They mainly market these stories and tell them to others or preach. The stories were read to uneducated people in a way that they could influence them to see the good in believing in God. One is when a group of demons asked Jesus if they could cast out their evil spirits into a nearby herd of pigs. The pig farmers were incensed and angry with Jesus because when the spirits entered the pigs, they all jumped of the cliff. This all makes sense if the miracle was legitimate. If Jesus was just helping someone deal with psychosis, lets say, why did the pigs all jump off the cliff? Each miracle has its own significance. Many are comparable to todays miracles, and are very encouraging to people who have illness or suffering, as they can provide faith and allow people to stay positive believing that they have hope. Miracles only happen to those who have faith in God and who believe. They use the miracle stories as part of their worship by reminding God how great he is and what he has done for them and to thank him. We will write a custom essay sample on The meaning of healing miracles specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The meaning of healing miracles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The meaning of healing miracles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Also this gives them a reason to stay in faith. If they ever have any doubt they can recall the miracles and see how great and powerful God is. Christians today can learn a great deal from miracles. They learn how important their faith is in God. Miracles happen anywhere. They can happen to anyone as long as there is faith, it can happen everywhere and they happen because God wants us to be fit for the kingdom. Christians can learn from this, that miracles happen to people who need them, to people who believe in him, and to people who have sinned, confessed, and apologise. They do not happen to people who have no or little faith, who question God, or who ask things of him in a selfish way. Miracles teach us that Jesus helps all kinds of people who need him. For example: the healing of the leper teaches us that we must follow Jesus teaching and his examples. We must reach out to those who are at the edge of society either by sickness or reputation. Another example is the story of the Centurion. This story shows how the faith of the Centurion saved his servants life as Jesus healed him. What is Forgiveness? What does it mean? Why is this a difficult concept? First, I must establish that Forgiveness is a process. There is no time frame. Each person will work through the process at his or her own pace. There is no magical saying or act that will produce instant results. What are your words for forgiveness? What do you feel when someone talks about forgiveness? What I have noticed is that the words for someone not able to forgive are about pain. The words about forgiveness are about healing, release and joy. Some consider forgiveness to be a miracle. Forgiveness is very important in life and miracles happen because God forgives those who have sinned. Miracles help inform Christians about Jesus and that he is the son of God. He is the one who lead people and brought them to forgive the sins of others. Miracles are proof to everybody that God exists and how powerful he is. Jesus performed many miracles, for example Turning Water to Wine: John 2:1-11. Jesus turned all the water into wine at a wedding. He is able to do this, because people believe in him, as without faith miracles cannot happen. Some churches hold healing services today. These are miraculous as they help people coping with sickness. Even if there is not enough power to heal the person or they have not confessed their sins, the thought of having God with them by their side is very comforting for those with terminal illnesses. Healing services help support people and comfort them, so yes they are miraculous services. God can save peoples lives and cure them, (even if it is just by making them believe they will get through whatever the problem is) and this gives them comfort. The Holy Spirit is one of the three persons of God: Father, Son and Holy Spirit. For many of us, this is a difficult concept to grasp. The Bible declares that there is only one living God, yet we learn from scripture that He comprises three separate personages. One way to partially visualize this notion is to examine the nature of water (H2O). Water is a single compound that can exist in three states liquid, ice and vapor. An egg is another picture. It is comprised of the white, the yolk and the shell, yet it is still one egg. Of course, by no means do these examples paint a complete picture of our God, but they are illustrative of the fact that His three persons in no way invalidate His oneness. As God consists of 3 elements he is very powerful, and this is why he is able to perform such miraculous events as he does. Present day miracles may not be very obvious but they consist of things such as, the healing of sickness, speaking in tongues and exorcisms. Other miracles are not obvious at all; they may be things such as rain following drought or people being able to cope after a horrific natural disaster. Many things are miracles because of peoples strong belief in God. Today, people have access to bibles, as well as encyclopaedias. Over six million trained Christians are assisting others to gain divine knowledge based on the Bible. Thus, miracles are no longer always necessary to attest to Jesus Christ as Gods appointed Deliverer or to provide proof that Jehovah is backing his servants. There are miracles everyday such as birth, life and life and death situations. It is a miracle that people are still getting along in this day and age. If God performed a miracle for everyone so as to prove his existence then there would be no point in Religion Religion is based on faith which does not require proof and it is something you have to work on.

Ancient China Essays - Steelmaking, Building Materials, Free Essays

Ancient China Essays - Steelmaking, Building Materials, Free Essays Ancient China The World is forever in debt to China for its innovations. Ancient China was extreme advance and many of its discoveries are still in use today. This is what Robert Temple, the author of The Genius of China 3000 years of science, discovery and invention. The book is based on 11 main parts of Chinese innovation. Within these 11 categories, there are 3 main parts that contain the most significant inventions. Robert Temple concentrates the bulk of his examples in these three categories, agriculture, domestic and industrial technology , and engineering. Temples examples were not limited to these fields of innovation. The Chinese excelled in many other areas, including mathematics, warfare and transportation, to name a few. Although Temple wrote about eleven fields of invention, I feel that these three sections contain the greatest examples of Chinese innovation, and the debt that the modern world owes China. The first main area is the field of engineering. Within this chapter, the development of iron and steel is the greatest achievement. The development of iron and steel led to other advances. By at least the 4th century the Chinese have developed blast furnaces to obtain cast iron from iron ore. This was 1200 years before the first blast furnace showed up in Europe. The reasons that the author gave to explain the reasons why the Chinese developed this technology are simple. The Chinese had access to large amounts of clay, the key ingredient in making blast furnaces. The Chinese also figured out that by adding a substance they called :Black Earth, they could lower the melting point of iron. Another major invention of the Chinese, that led to other achievements, is steel. The common belief today is that Henry Bessemer discovered the process of refining iron into steel. The fact is Chinese had developed the process to refine iron into steel in the second century BC The Chinese learned that by injecting oxygen into the blast furnace, they could remove the carbon from the iron. The Chinese called this process the hundred refinings method since they repeated the process that many times. The finished product was highly prized in China for its strength and ability to hold an edge on a sword. The Chinese would weld the steel onto weaker iron thus creating a strong edge and a superior weapon. The Chinese iron and steel workers were the best at making different types of metals into modern times. But then, no one else could have done so at the time, since iron existed nowhere else but in China. The Chinese invented the chain pump in the first century AD The chain pump allows water to the pumped from lower to higher elevations. The chain pumps were used for draining and pumping in civil engineering, but what is more important is it was used for irrigation. Irrigation allows for greater and more intense farming, thus resulting in a better crop yield. With the greater crop yields larger populations can be supported. The chain pump was exported to all parts of the world by way of visiting ambassadors and dignitaries. The first European chain pump appeared in the sixteenth century, and was a direct copy of the Chinese version. The second area of great Chinese achievement is in domestic and industrial technology. The most recognized Chinese invention is in the field of domestic and industrial technology, paper. Paper was invented around the second century BC and was used as clothing. One might not believe that paper could be used as clothing, but the paper made at that time used thicker and tougher paper fibers. Not only was paper used for clothing, it was also used for military body armor. The Chinese found out that pleated sheets of paper could stop the penetration of arrows. The paper armor was standard issue with Chinese land and sea units. Papers writing property was not discovered till about one century after its discovery. The earliest example of writing on paper was found an abandon military post. The paper found dates back to 110 AD and contained two dozen readable characters. The area that let China grow and expand was the innovations in the area of agriculture. The greatest achievement

HR Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

HR Strategy - Essay Example It meant laying off part of the work force, sometimes indiscriminately as far as the employees’ functions were concerned, amounting to a hermorrhage of critical talent the company sorely needed to recover. This time around, during the financial crisis of 2007 and the subsequent recession, human resources managers are approaching their task of rationalizing their company’s workforce with a greater view towards the subsequent repercussions. This paper shall examine how human resources planning, flexibility, and recruitment take place in the context of an economic recession. According to Goss, recessions and trade crises enhance the challenges of the international competitive environment. Emphasis in planning shifted to survival mode and generally aimed at coping, resuting in downsizing, finding greater efficiencies, building ‘leaner and fitter’ organizations. It meant lay-offs, rethinking production processes and rationalizing them, and improving managerial control mechanisms. Industries undergo a â€Å"shake-out† where some leading companies, because they were debt-ridden, fall out, new leaders (usually those less leveraged and more cash-rich) emerge, and the fittest who survive move up. Emphasis was placed on value in all expenditures. Clements reported on the result of a recent survey conducted among HR managers, directors and professionals. Some firms saw opportunity in the crisis situation, and aimed not only at coping but in taking advantage of the situation to restructure and consolidate for the eventual recovery which is sure to happen sooner or later. Organizations in general became flatter, with emphasis placed on flexibility, adaptiveness and change, decentralization and devolution of responsibility to cost and profit centres, and a hard look at the strengths and weaknesses that impacted upon the effectiveness of the organization. Management of people tended towards greater participation and commitment,

Supervision for Instructional Improvement Essay - 1

Supervision for Instructional Improvement - Essay Example For sometime now, Bruce Joyce and his colleagues have been saying that typical staff development â€Å"probably will not generate the amount of change necessary to affect student achievement†. Instead they advocate along with Sparks, Fullan and others---the creation of the kind of â€Å"Communities of teachers† who engage in focused, recurring cycles of instruction, assessment, and adjustment of instruction†.(Joyce and Showers 2002) â€Å"Research emphasizes that coaching is a prerequisite for the implementation of new skills strategy†( Showers, Joyce and Bennett 1987). Leaders must be aware that the provision of ongoing support is crucial to the successful attainment of an innovation. Therefore, one of the first staff development initiatives to be offered to teachers in the classroom, is peer coaching. For staff development expert Thomas Guskey, the promise of professional development has gone â€Å"largely unfulfilled†. The solution in staff develo pment is build around â€Å"collaborative exchange†, in which â€Å"teachers work together, reflect on their practice, exchange ideas, and share strategies†(Guskey 2003) Richard Stiggins writes that 2 â€Å"assessment literacy†, is so integral to the ongoing improvement of instruction in â€Å"learning teams† â€Å"Work shops†, he says â€Å"will not work†, they â€Å"do not† permit the application of and experimentation with new assessment ideas in real classrooms, and sharing that experience with other colleagues in a team effort†(Stiggins 1999).

Goup Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Goup Communication - Essay Example e individual communication as well as group communication include greeting, having one’s stance on the subject of discussion, respecting others’ views and expressing one’s own without offending others, avoiding unnecessary argumentation and dysfunctional conflicts, and maintaining a balance between listening and speaking. Disagreement over a matter during discussion may lead to conflict. The main way to resolve such conflicts is to conduct a dialogue without using indecent or offensive language. The dialogue may not necessarily lead to a conclusion. In case there is a judge, the matter should be referred to him/her for decision. If there is no third party acting as a judge, it is better to change the topic of discussion. The aforesaid strategies of group communication can best be used with practicing more. For a manager to use these strategies while addressing a group, his/her communication style should be tailored towards the group’s needs (Mitchell, 2012). Effective communication in a group requires use of emotional intelligence. One also has to be a bit articulate to conduct group

Original Aims of the European Community

Original Aims of the European Community This paper considers the original aims of the European Economic Community on its formation under the Treaty of Rome 1957 as a background to the transformation of the EEC into the European Community. A discussion of the subsequent development of the EC thereafter forms the main body of this work and the staged development of the EC through subsequent amending treaties provides the focus of the analysis offered. A brief historical survey of the European Economic Community The European Community of 2008 sees its origins in the six member European Economic Community formed by the ratification of the Treaty of Rome in 1957. The signatory member states were France, Germany, Italy and the Benelux states. It is submitted at the outset that the EEC was founded largely on fear. It is hard to appreciate from the perspective of 2008, exactly what motivated the founding fathers of the Treaty of Rome to pursue integration because the world has moved on, but in the 1950s the base motivation was manifest and pressing. The continent of Europe had endured two catastrophic World Wars in the space of one generation. War had ravaged each and every country of Europe, and in particular the founding member states. The architects of the Treaty of Rome, including Italian Prime Minister Antonio Segni, French Foreign Minister Robert Schuman and French civil servant Jean Monnet, while undoubtedly harbouring in the back of their minds lofty notions of improving the economic and social conditions of European citizens, were above all preoccupied with the goal of reducing the chances of a third world war starting on the continent. As stated, this fear is difficult to understand in the context of the early twenty first century and this is a testament to the greatest achievement of the European Economic Community and its successor organisations. The political and economic worlds of the major European powers are now so inextricably linked and integrated within the European Union that the notion of armed conflict between those powers has become almost unthinkable. It is argued that this is precisely what Segni, Schuman and Monnet were striving for above all other considerations. All the architects of European integration had suffered great personal and family losses as a result of the two most appalling wars ever to be fought in the modern world. Their most important and profound legacy is that their grandchildren and great grandchildren have been spared a similar experience. The substance of the integrationist treaty that preceded the Treaty of Rome is certainly no coincidence. The European Coal and Steel Treaty was signed in 1951. Why? Because coal and steel were the two great industries of twentieth century war. On the same day as the Treaty of Rome was signed, EURATOM was also signed, and the European Atomic Energy Community was created in order to institute cooperation and joint research that would presumably avoid an imbalance and power and knowledge which could threaten an unthinkable atomic war in Europe. The preamble to the Treaty of Rome sets out a broad range of aims and objectives cast in terms of political, economic and social goals, but make no mistake, the raw, basic and original aim of the European Economic Community was the avoidance of future war in Europe. At a certain level, buried deep in the political and institutional foundations of the European Community since its foundation under the Treaty on European Union (popularly known as the Treaty of Maastricht), the overarching goal of the avoidance of conflict and preservation of harmony in Europe remains to this day. The fear that proved the overwhelming catalyst for European integration underwent a metamorphosis over the latter decades of the twentieth century. The fear of conflict between Western European powers was replaced by a fear of the threat from behind the Iron Curtain and the spectre of the Soviet Union. The desire to bind together and integrate more fully came to be fuelled by the challenge presented by the Soviet Bloc, and one of the reasons why the Soviet threat dissipated with the break up of the Soviet Union in the late 1980s and early 1990s was because the citizens of Eastern Europe looked at their counterparts in the West and became dissatisfied with their own lot in life. By the time of the break up of the Soviet Union, the fear that held the European Community together had changed again. Now the preoccupation was binding together for strength and protection against the rising â€Å"Tiger Economies† of Japan and the Pacific Rim. Today, the EC is concerned with maintaining and enhancing its position with an increasingly competitive global economy. ‘Fear therefore, in the form of pragmatic reactions to political and economic conditions around the world, has held the European Community together, and motivated to bind and integrate itself ever more closely, since the day the Treaty of Rome was signed on 25 March 1957. Seven years earlier on May 9 1950 Robert Schuman declared: Europe will not be made all at once, or according to a single plan. It will be built through concrete achievements, which first create a de facto solidarity.† It is submitted that Schuman would be content with the European Union of 2008. It has bumped through various potholes and progress has not been either smooth or rapid, but it has fulfilled its original and overwhelmingly most important objective in exemplary fashion. Just to prove the thrust and theme of this introduction, the point that Schuman chose to make immediately following the above statement is reproduced below: The coming together of the nations of Europe requires the elimination of the age-old opposition of France and Germany. Any action taken must in the first place concern these two countries.† From the European Economic Community to the European Community Steiner succinctly describes the development of the European Community in her text, EU Law. The EEC enlarged in stages over the decades after its creation. The United Kingdom, Denmark and Ireland joined in 1973, Greece joined in 1981 and Spain and Portugal acceded to membership in 1986. Austria, Finland and Sweden joined in 1995. This was the size and state of the European Economic Community when it underwent transition to the European Community under the superstructure of the European Union in 1992. Ten further states, mainly from Central and Eastern Europe (including Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic) joined in 2004 and the last states to join were Bulgaria and Romania in 2007. In the 1980s there was consistent pressure to embark on moves towards deeper and closer integration in Europe. The signing of the Single European Act in 1986 saw the Community reform and improve its institutions and decision making processes with a view to supporting such deeper integration and in 1989 two intergovernmental conferences were held (under procedures established by the Single European Act) to consider the issues of political union and economic and monetary union respectively. These conferences resulted in a new treaty, the Treaty on European Union (The Maastricht Treaty), which was signed on 7 February 1992. The 1992 TEU introduced substantial reforms and amendments to the original EEC Treaty and created the legal and political entity of the European Union. Perhaps one of the most profound, but simple and easily overlooked changes instituted by the Maastricht Treaty, was the renaming of the ‘European Economic Community as the ‘European Community. This small change had massive implications. It signalled the Communitys intention to move on from its original exclusively economic boundaries and develop far reaching new competencies in other socio-economic, social, cultural and political spheres. Building on the EEC: The original aims of the new European Community With specific reference to the title to this work, the preamble to the Treaty on European Union sets out the basic aims and objectives of the European Community at the point of its creation. These aims, which are formally summarised as stated objectives in Article B of the TEU, include in particular: attachment to the principles of liberty, democracy and respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms and of the rule of law† to deepen the solidarity between their peoples while respecting their history, their culture and their traditions† These fundamental objectives underpin the legal order and socio-political foundations of the European Union and have been articulated in EC law and in the judgments of the European Court of Justice in seminal cases such as C11/70 Internationale Handelsgesellschaft mbH v Einfuhrund Vorratsstellle fur Getreide und Futtermittel8 since the creation of the European Economic Community. The preamble to the 1992 Treaty also pledged: to enhance further the democratic and efficient functioning of the institutions so as to enable them better to carry out, within a single institutional framework, the tasks entrusted to them† It is clear that the architects of the nascent European Community realised that the modus operandi of the EC, its institutions and legal and political processes would need to be extensively reformed and refined, even beyond its new constitution, if it was to be capable of functioning effectively to administrate and govern a more deeply integrated union of states (which was anticipated to grow rapidly, and of course did grow rapidly, over the following years). The 1992 preamble also pledged: to achieve the strengthening and the convergence of their economies and to establish an economic and monetary union including, in accordance with the provisions of this Treaty, a single and stable currency† This objective sees the EC articulate its specific aims in regard to the economic integration of the member states and confirmation of the ECs intention to take this integration to a new and deeper level in the shape of monetary union and the creation of a single currency, the Euro, which has of course now been achieved. Other pledges stated in the TEU preamble include: to promote economic and social progress for their peoples, within the context of the accomplishment of the internal market and of reinforced cohesion and environmental protection, and to implement policies ensuring that advances in economic integration are accompanied by parallel progress in other fields† to establish a citizenship common to nationals of their countries† It is submitted that progress has been made on each of these aims to a greater or lesser extent. For example, the Single Market project has been assiduously protected and the concept of EU citizenship and the rights attached thereto have been advanced by the European Community and it has received cogent support in this regard from the European Court of Justice in proactive rulings that have put flesh on the bones, and in some purposive decisions a few more bones on the flesh, of EC law: see inter alia, C- 46 48/93 Brasserie du Pecheur SA v Germany and R v Secretary of State for Transport ex parte Factortame (and for comment see Contravening EC law: The liability of the Member State (1996)). As the Court of Justice held in Rudy Grzelczyk v Centre Public dAide Sociale dOttignes-Louvain-la-Neuve, the status of citizenship of the European Union: is destined to be the fundamental status of nationals of the member states, enabling those who find themselves in the same situation to enjoy t he same treatment in law irrespective of their nationality, subject to such exceptions as are expressly provided for†. Other pledges made by the European Community on its creation include commitments: to implement a common foreign and security policy including the eventual framing of a common defence policy, which might in time lead to a common defence, thereby reinforcing the European identity and its independence in order to promote peace, security and progress in Europe and in the world† to facilitate the free movement of persons, while ensuring the safety and security of their peoples, by including provisions on justice and home affairs in this Treaty† to continue the process of creating an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe, in which decisions are taken as closely as possible to the citizen in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity† Again, some progress has been made on all these fronts, although advances on the CFSP have proved unsurprisingly controversial and difficult to achieve, certainly in comparison with development in the free movement of persons, which has grown from strength to strength after the marriage of the concepts of EC workers and EC persons within the unified legal status of EU citizen. Successive Treaties It is true to say that the EC lost momentum after the Treaty on European Union. The subsequent Treaty of Amsterdam (1997) and thereafter the Treaty of Nice (2001) added layers of reform designed to expedite progress towards the achievement of the ECs aims, but did so only in a piecemeal and relatively half-hearted fashion in comparison to the giant leap forward taken by the Maastricht Treaty and even in comparison to the advances of its predecessor the Single European Act. The Amsterdam Treaty made some innovative changes and improvements in the EU fields of the Common Foreign and Security Policy and Justice and Home Affairs but its substantive amendments of the Treaty of Rome and EC law were lacklustre and minimalist. The Treaty of Nice was forced on the member states, reorganising and rationalising the EC/EU institutions to facilitate their more efficient administration and operation after the Unions contemplated enlargement to 27 member states, but the Nice Treaty fell short of achieving its full range of proposed substantive reforms of the Treaty of Rome because they proved too controversial. Political development became patchy, sporadic and hesitant as a Euro-sceptical agenda gained influence and support within Europe. This culminated in the rejection of the draft Constitutional Treaty in 2005. Although the integrationist lobby has since gained the upper hand again in the form of the Lisbon Treaty. This issue is discussed in more detail in the fol lowing section. The Development of the European Community: An Overview The European Community has come a long, long way since its beginnings as the European Economic Community, which saw the introduction of a common market and free movement of goods between six Western European states in the 1950s. In 1992, when the European Community was formed from the member states of the EEC and took its place under the superstructure implemented by the Treaty on European Union, various aims and objectives were set out and progress has been made in the intervening years towards the fulfilment of all of these aims to some extent. This progress has come in the form of the staged, incremental development of the Community by means of the Treaties that followed Maastricht. Many of the reforms introduced have been forced upon the Community by its growth from 15 largely homogenous Western European member states when the Community was created in 1992 to a sprawling organisation of 27 member states, including many from Eastern Europe by 2007. That is not to say the picture is entirely positive however, The Treaties of Amsterdam and Nice and now the Lisbon Treaty, have one thing in common and that is that none of them went as far or as deep as the integrationists within the Community wanted. The effect of this has been to slow the progress of convergence within Europe and such was inevitable given the strong Euro-sceptic lobby in various parts of the Community. One manifestation of this was the failure of the Constitutional Treaty, which was rejected by France in May 2005 at a national referendum by a 54.68 per cent majority, and by the Netherlands just days later by a 61.6 per cent majority. The United Kingdoms shadow Foreign Secretary of the day, the Conservative Dr Liam Fox, offered an unequivocal opinion as to the fate of the draft Constitutional Treaty: I may no longer practice medicine, but I can tell a corpse when I see one and this constitution is a case for the morgue if ever I saw one this is a dead constitution.† It is a testament to the commitment, drive and determination of those seeking the fulfilment of the European Communitys base objectives that Dr Foxs confident predictions ultimately turned out to be false. The Lisbon Treaty represents the reincarnation of the draft Constitutional Treaty in all but name, disposing only of peripheral matters such as the Union anthem and flag but retaining almost all the crucial institutional and legal process reforms in word for word, line by line form. Moreover, given that the European Community and its supporters are now wise to the folly of actually allowing national populations to decide on their own future (a lesson that UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown is learning the hard way), it is submitted that the Lisbon Treaty will not meet the fate of its almost identical predecessor. The entry into force of the Lisbon Treaty will constitute another significant step towards the achievement of the ECs goals. In addition to political reluctance to invest more and more power centrally in the European Community body, the expansion of the Community has itself acted as a brake on further and deeper integration, as new challenges and issues relating to the accession of so many disparate and in some cases fragile new member states have fallen to be confronted. The expanding membership of the EC has thus frustrated the aims of the most passionate integrationists. Time will tell whether this proves to be a temporary effect or a permanent obstacle to the goal of a federal United States of Europe, which is not so proudly or overtly promulgated in 2008 as it was in the early 1950s, but which has been reflected in the Treaty of Rome and the Treaty on European Union by direct implication if not express commitment. Concluding Comments In closing, it is appropriate to refer back to the title to this work, which asked for a critical analysis of the development of the European Community since its creation in 1992 in terms of the degree of achievement of its original aims. The fact is that the EC remains ‘work in progress. While progress has been certainly made almost across the board to a greater or lesser extent, the institution still falls short of the ultimate fulfilment of those objectives set out in the Treaty on European Union. This is unsurprising, given the sheer enormity of the task and the difficulties that have confronted integrationists have also proved entirely predictable. It remains to be seen whether the European Community will ever achieve the complete satisfaction of its ambitious agenda, but one thing is certain. The European Community continues to fulfil its first, most fundamental and overwhelmingly most important role and that is the preservation of peace and stability between its member states. For this reason and this reason alone, the European Community has proved a great success, despite its many detractors.

Poetry Comparison - Sonnet and In time of war. :: English Literature

Poetry Comparison - Sonnet and In time of war. In the poem "Sonnet" Millay is still in love with someone because it is told to us in the last two lines of the poem. "I only know that summer sang in me" which tells us that she feels full of summer, i.e., nice things, when she is in love. " A little while, that in me sings no more" tells us that she is now sad to have lost the love which she once knew. I think she has mixed feelings about being in love with a person or the idea of just being in love. She feels that being in love is both painful and confusing as she talks about this in her poem. I think that it is possible to love more than one person in your lifetime, but only one at a time. There will however, I believe that there will be only one true love in your life. Millay compares herself to a tree in winter: "thus in the winter stands the lonely tree" to explore the theme of love. She feels pain, Millay explains the feeling of being in love "summer singing within her" this is appropriate as is exploring her true feelings and affections about the fact of being in love. Millay uses long lines to create the mood of love, for example, "what lips my lips have kissed, and where, and why." "I only know that summer sang in me." "a little while, that in me sings no more." These word show how much she loved the person, that she felt lifted and bright and that she is afraid that the feeling is now gone and will not come back. In the poem "In Time Of War" the language in the poem indicate that Thanet is in love with her lover more than her country. She loves him so much as he understands her and she feels as though their souls are joined. There are similarities between this poem and Millay's "Sonnet". Both Millay and Thanet have similar views on love, in that they are both intrigued by the idea of love and have loved ones who have gone away, not knowing if they will return safely. Thanet evokes the familiar image of men, soldiers, marching away to war "when the deep drums awake- go forth: do gloriously for my dear sake." I think that the use of the word "awake" could have numerous meanings here, it could be a representation of the realisation of what war really is to the soldiers and the sound of guns in battle, a

Characterization through Dialogue in Hemingway’s Works Essay

Alan Pryce-Jones (qtd. in Lamb 453) stated to describe the creative contribution of Ernest Hemingway in Literature that it is â€Å"his innovative dialogue might turn out to be his enduring memorial as a writer.† On the other hand, Elizabeth Bowen (qtd. in Lamb 454-455) said that dialogue in short stories or novels should copy as much as possible several â€Å"realistic qualities† of a conversation, namely: spontaneity, ambiguity, artlessness, allusiveness, irreverence, and erraticness. She further adds that the use of dialogue for the cause of exposition is rarely used for this purpose considering that elaboration can be done right at the start of the story. The use of dialogue to expose components of the story, particularly characterization, plus the drama inherent in it, is very difficulty to do. To start, the elementary literary definition of characterization of a story can be pursued by direct means. This is where the author narrates things concerning the character. A way to do this is bay giving description of the clothes the character wears, the manner by which he gesticulate,   or the way he stride on the street. The second means is through indirect method. This technique is shown on how he speaks, reacts and acts. The most usual way a writer address this component of characterization is done using the latter technique. And this is applied usually through dialogue or through the conversation between two characters. Ernest Hemingway wrote the Hills Like White Elephants in 1927. This story is included in the short story anthology Men Without Women. The story runs about a woman and a man. Both are sitting at a bar in a station waiting for a train going to Madrid. And they talk. By the way they converse, it is obvious that have spent sometime with each other. If the reader would casually read how the conversation happening between the two go, he will from the start of the story until it is finished end up clueless as to what is going on with the characters in the story. In a sense, Hills Like White Elephants display the iceberg theory of Hemingway and his deftness in handling dialogue in a story. If Hemingway was widely seen as a writer who wrote primarily for the dominating male, in Hills Like White Elephants, he is able to dissect the workings of a relationship where females most of the time are subjected to an unbalance relationship and furthermore dominated by the males (Raeburn 208). The means by which Hemingway is able to exploit this is through his creative creation of dialogue that discloses the characteristics of the couple: their speech, action and reaction. Through the use of dialogue, Hemingway is able rise to the dexterous ability to give character to his protagonist and antagonist. For a reader to totally appreciate and efficiently understand the characterization that Ernest Hemingway applied in Hills Like White Elephants and also to most of his stories, the reader first ought and must understand the tool and method by which the writer employ to express implicitly and indirectly the drama that is happening between the characters. This tool which ingeniously utilized by Hemingway is technique in his stories is called dialogue. Hemingway’s stories, as exemplified by Hills Like White Elephants, mainly runs marvelously through the innovation and utilization of the form of dialogue. This single-handedly tackled major aspects of characterization like speech, action of the characters and reaction of the characters. To quote again Alan Pryce-Jones (qtd. in Lamb 453), the creative contribution of Ernest Hemingway in Literature is â€Å"his innovative dialogue might turn out to be his enduring memorial as a writer.† Works Cited Lamb, Robert P. â€Å"Hemingway and the Creation of Twentieth-Century Dialogue.† Twentieth Century Literature 42 (1996): 453-580 Raeburn, John. â€Å"Skirting the Hemingway Legend.† American Literary History 1(1989):206-218

Free Essays on Moby Dick

Type of Work: Allegorical novel Setting The high Seas; early nineteenth century Principal Characters Ishmael, a teacher-seaman (and narrator) Queequeg, a hardened and savage harpooner Ahab, captain of the Pequod Starbuck and Stubb, Ahab's first and second mates Fedallah, Captain Ahab's Parsee servant and seer Story Overview A Massachusetts schoolmaster, Ishmael chose to give up the comfort and security of his classroom and fulfill his romantic desire to go to sea. Leaving Manhatto, he traveled to the seaport town of New Bedford to seek out work on a whaler. Ishmael's first night in New Bedford was spent in the crusty Spouter Inn near the water_ front. There he found the only bed available which, by necessity, he consented to share with an unknown harpooner. His roommate turned out to be a bizarre fellow indeed, a hardened South-sea islander whose body was covered with tattoos. But after Ishmael's initial fear had subsided, he found this "strange bedfellow," Queequeg, to be quite friendly. The huge man offered to share his small fortune and an embalmed human head with Ishmael. "At first I knew not what to make of this," Ishmael said, "but soon an inkling of the truth occurred to me. I remembered a story of a white man - a whaleman too - who, falling among cannibals, had been tattooed by them. I concluded that this harpooner, in the course of his distant voy_ ages, must have met with a similar adventure. And what is it, thought 1, after all! It's only his outside; a man can be honest in any sort of skin." The two men became fast friends, both signing on as harpooners aboard the Pequod, a Quaker-owned whaler out of Nantucket. There had been some question around New Bedford as to the future fate of the Pequod because of its eccentric captain, Ahab. But both Ishmael and Queequeg had no intention of changing their plans. They set sail. For the first few days the curious captain stayed out of sight in his cabin, and... Free Essays on Moby Dick Free Essays on Moby Dick Moby Dick The moral ambiguity of the universe is prevalent throughout Melville’s Moby Dick. None of the characters represent pure evil or pure goodness. Even Melville’s description of Ahab, whom he repeatedly refers to "monomaniacal," suggesting an amorality or psychosis, is given a chance to be seen as a frail, sympathetic character. When Ahab’s "monomaniac" fate is juxtaposed with that of Ishmael, that moral ambiguity deepens, leaving the reader with an ultimate unclarity of principle. The final moments of Moby Dick bring the novel to a terse, abrupt climax. The mutual destruction of the Pequod and the White Whale, followed by Ishmael’s epilogue occupies approximately half a dozen pages. Despite Melville’s previous tendency to methodically detail every aspect of whaling life, he assumes a concise, almost journalistic approach in the climax. Note that in these few pages, he makes little attempt to assign value judgements to the events taking place. Stylistically, his narration is reduced to brusque, factual phrases using a greater number of semicolons. By ending the book so curtly, Melville makes a virtually negligible attempt at denouement, leaving what value judgements exist to the reader. Ultimately, it is the dichotomy between the respective fortunes of Ishmael and Ahab that the reader is left with. Herein lies a greater moral ambiguity than is previously suggested. Although Ishmael is the sole survivor of the Pequod, it is notable that in his own way, Ahab fulfills his desire for revenge by ensuring the destruction of the White Whale alongside his own end. Despite the seeming superiority of Ishmael’s destiny, Melville does not explicitly indicate so. On the contrary, he subtly suggests that Ishmael’s survival is lonely and empty upon being rescued: "It was the devious-cruising Rachel, that in her retracing search after her missing children, only found anothe... Free Essays on Moby Dick Authors throughout history have used the biblical accounts to enhance their own story. Herman Melville’s classic American novel Moby Dick is no exception. In Moby Dick, Melville uses innumerable biblical allusions, but readers can observe this literary technique best in the naming of his characters. The use of the Bible in literature is a powerful tool for an author; it allows him to place his characters and plot within an immortal context. Each character lives for a finite amount of time, but given a biblical name he will live forever in scripture. Also, the author's comparison of aspects of a novel allows the reader to know something more about the characters, settings, and context without an author's introduction. The reader brings a pre-formed notion to the text from his knowledge of the biblical material. Knowing this adds more poignancy to the frustration that Ahab has over his mission to kill the whale. In Moby Dick Melville acts as both parent and inventor. As author, he creates the characters and names them. Ishmael begins Moby Dick saying "Call me Ishmael." (Melville 1) We do not know if this is his real name but he chooses to identify with the biblical character. It is interesting to consider the name of Ishmael in respect to all the other biblical names of the novel. Ishmael is the only one who chooses his, while Melville determines the others' names. This is particularly significant in regard to Ahab. Ishmael is the only one with the power to choose his fate because he is able to choose his name. Ishmael chooses God as his protector when most other people have a parent. Ishmael's survival story is incredible and supports the idea that God was looking out for him since he is the only one to survive. Because God is willing to save Ishmael, Melville is willing to save him as well; Ishmael is the only one to survive. Ahab is another person all his own, with his own past and biblical reigned as the king of the Israel f... Free Essays on Moby Dick Type of Work: Allegorical novel Setting The high Seas; early nineteenth century Principal Characters Ishmael, a teacher-seaman (and narrator) Queequeg, a hardened and savage harpooner Ahab, captain of the Pequod Starbuck and Stubb, Ahab's first and second mates Fedallah, Captain Ahab's Parsee servant and seer Story Overview A Massachusetts schoolmaster, Ishmael chose to give up the comfort and security of his classroom and fulfill his romantic desire to go to sea. Leaving Manhatto, he traveled to the seaport town of New Bedford to seek out work on a whaler. Ishmael's first night in New Bedford was spent in the crusty Spouter Inn near the water_ front. There he found the only bed available which, by necessity, he consented to share with an unknown harpooner. His roommate turned out to be a bizarre fellow indeed, a hardened South-sea islander whose body was covered with tattoos. But after Ishmael's initial fear had subsided, he found this "strange bedfellow," Queequeg, to be quite friendly. The huge man offered to share his small fortune and an embalmed human head with Ishmael. "At first I knew not what to make of this," Ishmael said, "but soon an inkling of the truth occurred to me. I remembered a story of a white man - a whaleman too - who, falling among cannibals, had been tattooed by them. I concluded that this harpooner, in the course of his distant voy_ ages, must have met with a similar adventure. And what is it, thought 1, after all! It's only his outside; a man can be honest in any sort of skin." The two men became fast friends, both signing on as harpooners aboard the Pequod, a Quaker-owned whaler out of Nantucket. There had been some question around New Bedford as to the future fate of the Pequod because of its eccentric captain, Ahab. But both Ishmael and Queequeg had no intention of changing their plans. They set sail. For the first few days the curious captain stayed out of sight in his cabin, and... Free Essays on Moby Dick â€Å"MOBY DICK† The Symbolism Of The Whale In Moby Dick, Herman Melville uses the whale to symbolize Humankind’s inability to understand the world, to express the nature of human relationships, the concept or idea of God and environment. Melville seems to have an array of multiple symbolic meaning to the whale. I have found it difficult to follow through with one flowing theme. Moby Dick is an unfriendly force, interpreted as a symbolic representation of God, an impassable and all powerful being that humankind can neither understand nor defy. Through out Moby Dick, the whale is given divine qualities and often compared to God. Just as many people fear God they also feared Moby Dick. Moby Dick possesses an array of symbolic meanings for a variety of individuals. To the crew of the Pequod, the whale is a legendary concept on to which they can transfer their anxieties about dangerous and often very frightening jobs. Because they have no delusions about the whale acting spitefully toward men or exactly embodying evil, tales about the whale allow them to face their fear, manage it and continue on. Ahab, on they other hand, believes that Moby Dick is a sign of all that is evil with the world, and he feels that it is his destiny to destroy this symbol of evil. In destroying the whale, Ahab is also destroying his own fears and evil that faces him in the world. Melville shows that Moby Dick is capable of great violence. However, he also shows the whale living peacefully and tranquilly at sea until man attacks him. Ishmael tries an array of approaches to describe the whale, but none proves adequate. Ishmael is in awe of the whale. He sees Moby Dick quite differently; the whale is a representation of nature from its beauty and wonders to the terror and fear it can bring. The color (White) of the whale is a symbol that can be interpreted differently. Ishmael begins his discussion of â€Å"whiteness† by noting its use as a symbol of ...

Arna Bontemps, Documenting the Harlem Renaissance

Arna Bontemps, Documenting the Harlem Renaissance In the introduction to the poetry anthology Caroling Dusk, Countee Cullen described the poet Arna Bontemps as being, ...at all times cool, calm, and intensely religious yet never takes advantage of the numerous opportunities offered them for rhymed polemics. Bontemps might have published poetry, childrens literature, and plays during the Harlem Renaissance but he never gained the fame of Claude McKay or Cullen. Yet  Bontemps  work as an educator and librarian allowed the works of the Harlem Renaissance to be revered for generations to come. Early Life and Education Bontemps was born in 1902 in Alexandria, La., to Charlie and Marie Pembrooke Bontemps. When Bontemps was three, his family moved to Los Angeles as part of the Great Migration. Bontemps attended public school in Los Angeles before heading to Pacific Union College. As a student at Pacific Union College, Bontemps majored in English, minored in history and joined the Omega Psi Phi fraternity. The Harlem Renaissance Following Bontemps college graduation, he headed to New York City and accepted a teaching position at a school in Harlem. When Bontemps arrived, the Harlem Renaissance was already in full swing. Bontemps poem The Day Breakers was published in the anthology, The New Negro in 1925. The following year, Bontemps poem, Golgatha is a Mountain won first prize in the Alexander Pushkin contest sponsored by Opportunity. Bontemps wrote the novel, God Sends Sunday in 1931 about an African-American jockey. That same year, Bontemps accepted a teaching position at Oakwood Junior College. The following year, Bontemps was awarded a literary prize for the short story, A Summer Tragedy. He also began publishing childrens books. The first, Popo and Fifina: Children of Haiti, was written with Langston Hughes. In 1934, Bontemps published You Cant Pet a Possum and was fired from Oakwood College for his personal political beliefs and library, which were not aligned with the schools religious beliefs. Yet, Bontemps continued to write and in 1936s Black Thunder: Gabriels Revolt: Virginia 1800, was published. Life After the Harlem Renaissance In 1943, Bontemps returned to school, earning a masters degree in library science from the University of Chicago. Following his graduation, Bontemps worked as the head librarian at Fisk University in Nashville, Tenn. For more than twenty years, Bontemps worked at Fisk University, spearheading the development of various collections on African-American culture. Through these archives, he was able to coordinate the anthology Great Slave Narratives. In addition to working as a librarian, Bontemps continued to write. In 1946, he wrote the play, St. Louis Woman with Cullen.   One of his books, The Story of the Negro was awarded the Jane Addams Childrens Book Award and also received the Newberry Honor Book. Bontemps retired from Fisk University in 1966 and worked for the University of Illinois before serving as curator of the James Weldon Johnson Collection. Death Bontemps died on June 4, 1973, from a heart attack. Selected Works by Arna Bontemps Popo and Fifina, Children of Haiti, by Arna Bontemps and Langston Hughes, 1932You Cant Pet a Possum, 1934Black Thunder: Gabriels Revolt: Virginia 1800, 1936Sad-Faced Boy, 1937Drums at Dusk: A Novel, 1939Golden Slippers: An Anthology of Negro Poetry for Young Readers, 1941The Fast Sooner Hound, 1942They Seek a City, 1945We Have Tomorrow, 1945Slappy Hooper, the Wonderful Sign Painter, 1946The Poetry of the Negro, 1746-1949: an anthology, edited by Langston Hughes and Arna Bontemps, 1949George Washington Carver, 1950Chariot in the Sky: a Story of the Jubilee Singers, 1951Famous Negro Athletes, 1964The Harlem Renaissance Remembered: Essays, Edited, With a Memoir, 1972Young Booker: Booker T. Washingtons Early Days, 1972The Old South: A Summer Tragedy and Other Stories of the Thirties, 1973

The Role of Women in the Late 19th Century Essay

The Role of Women in the Late 19th Century - Essay Example The progressive era and the oppressive ideas prevalent The late 19th century can be thought of as an era where rapid business and economic changes occurred, progression in terms of the legal rights and professional attitudes of women occurred. The image of San Francisco in the early twentieth century in the public areas is well portrayed by Jessica to be â€Å"one comprising of substantial stone clad buildings, visible down Market Street with a lively mixture of people which comprised of women in long dresses and hats and working women in business suits† (Jessica, 2011, pg 11). The women in the late 19th century faced much oppression in the work place especially in male dominated areas. Sexism or gender discrimination was at its peak in this era as female workers in highly proficient jobs faced opposition from both sexes. The major role of the women in the late 19th century was that of a housekeeper and caretaker of the children. The women from wealthy families hosted parties for business reasons and charity raising purposes. Working women faced a huge opposition from their family, society and at the work place. The women in the 19th century were involved in many reform movements like the women’s rights to suffrage, feminism to pacifism, temperance to abolitionism which changed the American history and gained many rights for the women (Kathleen, Therese, 1996, pg 25). There were many informal community groups involved to bring about a change in the neighborhood, the state, the society and ultimately in the nation. Women began to enter into all fields like journalism, photography, law, medicine and engineering. The publications like newspapers and magazines played a major role in the upliftment of the women (Kathleen, Therese, 1996, pg XVII). The right to vote was given to women in the 19th century by the joint effort of many women’s right movements active at that time. Discussion The book the Russian Hill murders by Shirley portrays the bac kground found in the late 19th century well in relation to how the women were treated, expected to behave and the general culture over the period of time. The book is a murder mystery set in the 19th century and the incident occurs at San Francisco. The female lead in the book is Sarah Woolson who is an attorney at law in the late 1880’s, inspired by her father who was a Judge (Shirley, 2005, pg 15). The firm in itself is a major obstruction for her as she is taken into the firm reluctantly and in every manner possible the firm tries to push her down from her professional practice. The women in the 19th century had demanding work, much more tough than practicing criminal law in terms of the physical effort they had to spend â€Å"I find it strange that practicing law in a comfortable well-heated office is considered too demanding an occupation for women†¦.† (Shirley, 2005, pg 6). Sarah overcomes the numerous oppositions she faces with a helpful few while following the female etiquette demanded from women during the late 19th century. Conclusion In the book Russian hill murders (Shirley, 2005) the social status of women in the late 19th century is well analyzed. The characters are all well portrayed and the background description fits in well with what existed in reality in the late 19th century. The lead character Sarah gives us an idea of how women in male dominated fields were treated in the 19th centur

Recommendation on Hiring an External Advertising Agency Research Proposal

Recommendation on Hiring an External Advertising Agency - Research Proposal Example The recommendation is to hire an external advertising agency to mitigate the risk associated with a failed advertising. The company is on a limited budget because it is still a start-up company. XYZ Company can remedy this shortcoming by resorting to a Limited-Service Advertising agency whereby some of the advertising function such as planning and strategic functions may require XYZ Company’s greater involvement. Unlike in a full-service advertising service where the company only need to state its objective, Limited Advertising Agency would require greater involvement (http://adworld2020.blogspot.com/). XYZ would assume a greater responsibility for the strategic function of the campaign which is advantageous to the company because it can include inputs which are a very valuable aspect of the campaign since the company knows best its market. In effect, XYZ Company will have the best of both worlds in this approach because its inputs will be guided by a professional that would h elp determine if the formulated strategy will work or not. Thus, a $15,000 advertising budget for a limited service advertising would suffice. Limited-Service Advertising agency is more appropriate for XYZ Company for a variety of reason. Limited-Service Advertising agency is an advertising agency that supplies only one or two basic services such as creative advertising but will also provide strategic planning service (http://adworld2020.blogspot.com/). Hiring a Limited-Service Advertising agency is more appropriate for XYZ Company to mitigate the risk in advertising. Hiring a Limited-Service Advertising agency will avoid an advertising failure due to lack of expertise. The company cannot afford this mistake because it is still a start-up and therefore, it would be best for the company if it will hire professional ad agencies which have records of the high degree of success in raising consumer awareness.

Assessment of the Moral and Legal Responsibilities and Rights of Case Essay

Assessment of the Moral and Legal Responsibilities and Rights of Case Parties - Essay Example First we determine the moral and legal responsibilities of Rick Reynolds. In essence he acted in bad faith, acting for his own benefit and gain, and to the detriment of the interests of Mr. McLean. That there was an agreement between the two is verified in the beginning of the case. Rick acted in bad faith in the construction of the facilities, cutting corners and under the table deals to enrich himself, with the end result being that the facilities were subpar, and caused harm to a resident, when faulty wiring caused a fire that in turn caused the injury to the resident. Rick likewise acted in bad faith in procuring medical equipment and supplies, enriching himself by selling some of the procured goods and keeping the proceeds. Morally he is culpable for fraud and deceit. Legally he is liable for a host of crimes. Under the law, Rick can be considered as either a substituted agent or a sub-agent, and as such, there are legal precepts that can hold Rick accountable for his crimes as if he were the primary agent or principal, acting alone. He can thus be held liable for misrepresenting himself as a manager of the company, and for intentionally duping the pharmacies into providing the goods to the company, where some of the goods ended up being sold by Rick for his own financial gain. Where there is a contractual agreement between Mr. McLean and Rick, moreover, Rick is answerable for his acts to Mr. McLean, who under the law can sue Rick for his fraudulent activities, under the legal precepts concerning the legal rights of the principal towards his substituted agent. In particular, there was fraud in the way Rick went about contacting the different parties involved in building the facility, and for such fraud Rick can be sued by Mr. McLean (The Lectric Law Library, 2012; PreserveArticles.com, 2011). Mr. McLean himself can be said to be morally and legally liable for some of the acts of Rick, such as those that pertain to the acquisition of supplies. While it may be true that Mr. McLean may not have authorized the procurement of the goods on credit from the pharmacies, there are legal precepts that may hold Mr. McLean accountable for the acts of Rick. In other words, though there may have been fraud in the way Rick procured the supplies, Mr. McLean may be sued by the pharmacies if the former does not honor the supply contracts and reneges on the payment for the goods bought on credit. For one, a case may be made for the way Rick's actions procuring the supplies may be construed as constituting part of his job responsibilities, and part of the roles that he was authorized to play as an agent of Mr. McLean. There are clear legal principles that may prevent Mr. McLean from running away from the legal consequences of the actions of Rick, such as those that pertain to the company paying for the goods that Rick bought on credit and with intent to commit fraud. Clearly the law in some instances stipulate that even when an agent commits acts that ar e criminal, and without the express consent of the principal, the principal, in this case Mr. McLean. The pharmacies may argue that there would have been no way for them to discern that Rick was acting on his own behalf rather than on behalf of Mr. McLean, given that Rick, to them, seemed to have the